When states fail to discharge protection duties because of inaction in some cases, but not all, they are again seen to act inconsistently. When states violate rules of international society in the pursuit of protection, through inaction where it is imperative, or unilateral action not sanctioned by other states, they are seen to act inconsistently. 3 In either case, consistency is implicitly regarded as a standard against which the legitimacy of protective responses is assessed. 2 Alternatively, consistency can refer to the degree of evenness in the provision of protection across cases, the extent to which protective agents succeed at avoiding the ‘insufficient, inconsistent, or ineffective’ application of these norms. What does ‘consistency’ mean in the context of human protection? Consistency can refer to the adherence to principles, for example, when relevant actors suggest that ‘humanitarian intervention must only be used exceptionally within tightly defined and consistently applied criteria’. However, the international human protection regime remains incoherent: it is ambiguous and it is insufficiently integrated with other regimes and across institutions.Ģ a: agreement or harmony of parts or features to one another or a wholeī: harmony of conduct or practice with past performance or stated aims I argue that consistency understood as coherence facilitates protection responses in line with international law, and, second, that a coherent protection framework encourages the even and invariable application of norms of protection by assigning responsibilities to individual protection agents. Third, ‘consistency’ can mean the absence of variability and unevenness in the application of norms. Second, consistency can refer to the degree to which protection responses adhere to international law and conform with international norms. First, ‘consistency’ can refer to the coherence of the human protection framework. This article conceptualises consistency – a basic premise for the legitimacy of norms, both procedurally as well as substantively. ‘Consistency’ has a range of meanings in the context of human protection practice.
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